WEF · Road mobility · 3 November 2026 Indicative data

The Vehicle Ladder

Which road vehicles to accelerate, which depend on conditions, and which to resequence, in Europe (EU average, the UK and Norway), the USA, China, India and Japan. Each rung is compared with its fossil equivalent in the same country (gasoline car, diesel van, truck or bus) on total cost of ownership per kilometer at today's prices, with no purchase subsidies, and on three more currencies: life-cycle carbon, value (tonnes of CO₂ avoided per MWh of clean electricity or renewable fuel) and water. Choose the segments and countries, click a cell for the cost breakdown, and edit any assumption.